NUCLEAR SECURITY SUMMIT, 2016

              Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) is outcome of US President Barak Obama vision about Nuclear Terrorism across globe. First time it was held in April 12-13, 2010 in Washington DC. It was hosted by Obama to secure nuclear material and prevent nuclear terrorism. In this summit, 47 countries  and 3 International Organisation took part. This summit was concerned with political agreement related to nuclear threats. After this 3 more summits held at various place on every 2 year.
              In second NSS- Seoul (South Korea)-2012, Six new countries (Azerbaijan, Denmark, Gabon, Hungary, Lithuania and Romania) and One new international organisation (Interpol) were invited. It was on the progress made on implementing previous agreements. After this, 3rd NSS held in Heague(Netherland) on March 26-27, 2014 and it was hosted by Mark Rutte. In this summit, leaders were discussed about the results achieved and future ambitions.
              Recently, It is in news because of the 4th addition of NSS concluded in Washington DC on April 1st, 2016. This was attended by 53 countries and 5 International Organisation like United Nations (UN), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), European Union (EU) and Interpol.
              Leaders include British Prime Minister David Cameron, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, French President François Hollande, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, Argentine President Mauricio Macri, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, Chinese President Xi Jinping, Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe South Korean President Park Geun-hye and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended this Summitn and commit to keep nuclear weapons out of the hands of extremists. They called for international support to prevent non-state actors from obtaining nuclear and other radioactive materials.
              Main motto of NSS since 2010 is raising awareness of threats and driven many meaningful and lasting improvement in security. It also strengthen the nuclear security architecture at regional and global level by implementing legal instruments internationally. NSS put more importance on Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its 2005 amendment and on International Convention on the suppression of acts of Nuclear Terrorism. They belive in sharing goals of nuclear disarmament, nuclear non-proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy. They give rights to the states to develop and use nuclear energy but only for peaceful purposes.
              In this summit, leaders from different countries demand for sharing information accordance with sates national laws and procedures for preventing nuclear threats. And they also reaffirmed that IAEA must take its responsibility to develop global nuclear security architecture and international guidelines.

HIGHLIGHTS:-

1. All participant countries should release their national plans to enhance nuclear security.
2. Various countries like Kazakhstan and Poland should reduce their highly enriched uranium.
3. Japan agreed to ship additional separated plutonium to US.
4. Canada pledged $42 million to bolster nuclear security.
5. Nuclear Security agreement approved which was pending since 2005.
6. Us disclosed that they have reduced their 741 metric tons of highly enriched uranium since 1990 to 586 tons as of 2013.